Providing citizens with land plots in the Far East and the Arctic has become one of the mechanisms for the socio-economic development of territories. An analysis of the experience of implementing this mechanism revealed a number of problems that require not only the improvement of the management system and the information system, but also the improvement of legal regulation. The author analyzes several groups of problems related to the legal support for the implementation of the Far East Hectare program and the prospects for the Arctic Hectare program. Three groups of problems are conditionally identified: 1) related to the activities of the citizens themselves, 2) to the activities of authorities and administration, 3) to the activities of automated systems. The main directions of improving the legal regulation of the provision of land plots owned by state or municipal property and located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation to citizens are considered, changes are proposed to specific regulatory legal documents that directly and indirectly relate to programs for the provision of land plots in the Far East and the Arctic. The article contains analytical materials of scientific and practical discussions and parliamentary hearings held by the Committee for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Modern Russian law uses such concepts as "Arctic population," "small indigenous peoples of the Arctic," "Arctic sedentary population," "Arctic incomers," "Arctic permanent population," and "Arctic indigenous people”. In international science, the term "indigenous peoples of the Arctic" refers to all peoples that meet the criteria of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the World. In the Russian practice the term «indigenous people» means only small indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East, with their number up to 50 thousand people. There is a legal conflict in the Russian law and science: what is the status of indigenous peoples of the Arctic, de-jure and de-facto exceeding the number of 50 thousand people? These are Sakha (Yakuts), Komi, Karelians, who have lived in the Arctic since ancient times.

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the case on the interpretation of the provisions of Article 42 of the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) No 4-P of October 21, 2016 defines the Sakha people as the indigenous people of Yakutia, whose territory is Arctic.

According to Federal Law No. 193-FZ of 13.07.2020 "On State Support of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation", a program is being developed in which measures of state support apply to traditional economic activities only and exclusively of the indigenous small-numbered peoples living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Meanwhile, indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North and representatives of other ethnic communities, which are not indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, but which permanently reside in places of traditional residence and traditional economic activities of small-numbered peoples, due to historically developed living conditions, climatic and territorial features of the Arctic zone have the same forms of economy and good neighborliness.

The legal conflict violates the territorial-neighbor principle created on the basis of the value of customary law of mutual assistance, social justice and good neighborliness.

The author proposes to extend the norms and measures of state support in the Arctic to the representatives of ethnic communities that are not indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East, but which permanently reside in the places of traditional economic activities of small peoples and jointly carry out traditional economic activities of small peoples.

The article analyzes the Sakha Republic (Yakutiya) state supply system for providing settlements with the essential good for stable functioning of the social sphere organizations, housing, communal services and energy. The relevance of the issue is related to the current challenges caused by the weakness of the transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation Arctic zone, as well as the imperfection of the legal framework. Participant observation, indepth interviews with truck drivers conducted by the author of the article in 2018 and 2019, analysis of regulatory legal documents and media publications were used as the main research methods. Conclusions are drawn about the high importance of the northern delivery and winter roads, recommendations are made to improve the efficiency of organizing freight transportation in Sakha Republic (Yakutiya).

The article analyzes the challenges and threats to the Russian Arctic, including those arising after the start of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine. In the context of international relations, any challenges for Russia arise primarily from civilizational challenges, the spread of Russophobia in the world. The previous threats of using soft power, including the Arctic, are being transformed into a hybrid war, a direct confrontation in all areas of international relations. The main external challenges are embargoes on the supply of Russian oil and gas. There are threats within the country to reduce the quality of life of the permanent population of the Russian Arctic, investment and implementation of previously announced national projects.

The article contains the main conclusions obtained by the authors of a comparative study of the experience of Canada, Norway, Finland, the United States in creating social elevators and ensuring social mobility for indigenous peoples. The study was conducted in 2021 by the National Research Institute for Communication Development. The authors come to the conclusion that the most effective social lifts are created thanks to the education system, profession, army, social and political activities. It is recognized that the experience of Canada and Norway is the most effective, the least - the United States.

The development of the Arctic territories, strategies for their future cannot be considered without taking into account the opinion of the young generation living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the core of the human capital of the region. The article presents the results of the study "The Arctic in the value system of students of Arctic universities" (North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk), Northern (Arctic) Federal University (Arkhangelsk) and Murmansk Arctic State University (Murmansk)). The analysis of students' opinions about life in the Arctic in comparison with other territories is presented, the degree of their involvement in the development of the region is revealed. The author notes the differences in the positions of students from different universities regarding the prospects for life in the Arctic region; stereotypical perception of the Arctic as a cold closed region and low interest in the history and prospects for the development of the Arctic among young people.

The article discusses the main interests of India related to participation in the Arctic projects and cooperation with Russia. Based on the analysis of India's Arctic policy, the principles and directions of which are formulated in India's Arctic strategy for 2022, the author identifies groups of critically significant problems, the solution of which India associates with Russian-Indian cooperation in the Arctic. The areas of agriculture, science, transport, logistics, and energy are promising for cooperation. The author considers the mutual benefits of India and Russia, the possibility of complementary potentials of countries for the development of human and economic capital of the Arctic region. The author pays special attention to previously uncharacteristic aspects of cooperation between Russia and India, namely, India's interest in scientific research of traditional knowledge, lifestyle and ethnic policy in relation to the indigenous population of the Arctic.

The Arctic, as a transboundary region, implies different forms and directions of international cooperation. However, the growing international tension, increased international competition, and sometimes confrontation in the Arctic, leads to a blocking of interactions. The author of the article, adhering to the principles of respect, trust and cooperation, tries to analyze common interests in the least politicized areas. One of these areas is science and education. The article presents a comparative analysis of the priority areas of the Arctic strategies of the countries of the Arctic Council, on the basis of which the author identifies common interests in scientific and educational Arctic projects. The main actors of these projects are the university and the authorities. By comparing the strategic priorities for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia, the development strategy of the Arkhangelsk region and the development strategy of the Northern Arctic Federal University, the involvement of universities in solving regional problems and in international educational cooperation is revealed.