Social Elevators for Indigenous Small People: Experience of Canada, Norway, Finland and USA
Abstract
The article contains the main conclusions obtained by the authors of a comparative study of the experience of Canada, Norway, Finland, the United States in creating social elevators and ensuring social mobility for indigenous peoples. The study was conducted in 2021 by the National Research Institute for Communication Development. The authors come to the conclusion that the most effective social lifts are created thanks to the education system, profession, army, social and political activities. It is recognized that the experience of Canada and Norway is the most effective, the least - the United States.
About the Author
V. Komleva
Science Research of the National Research Institute for Communication Development; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA); Institute of Regional and International Research
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Valentina V. KOMLEVA, Doctor of Sociology, Deputy Director; Head of the Department of Foreign Regional Sciences and International Cooperation; Director
Moscow
References
1. Конвенция о коренных народах и народах, ведущих племенной образ жизни в независимых странах (№169 от 27 июня 1989 года). URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/iol169.shtml (дата обращения: 20.06.2021).
2. Министерство иностранных дел Норвегии. URL: https://um.dk/da/udenrigspolitik/lande-og-regioner/arktisk-portal/arktisk-strategi/ (дата обращения: 28.06.2021).
3. Национальный исследовательский институт развития коммуникации. URL: http://nicrus.ru/ (дата обращения 22.05.2022).
4. Официальный портал Правительства Норвегии. URL: https://www.regjeringen.no/ (дата обращения: 25.06.2021).
5. Официальный сайт ассоциации оленеводов. URL: https://utdanning.no/yrker/beskrivelse/reindriftsutover (дата обращения: 26.06.2021).
6. Официальный сайт муниципального образования Инари. URL: https://www.inari.fi/ (дата обращения: 29.06.2021)
7. Официальный сайт муниципального образования Соданкюля. URL: http://www.sodankyla.fi/Pages/Etusivu.aspx (дата обращения: 29.06.2021).
8. Официальный сайт муниципального образования Энонтекиён. URL: https://enontekio.fi/ (дата обращения: 29.06.2021)
9. Официальный сайт Союза Саамов. URL: http://www.saamicouncil.net/ru/o-sojuze-saamov/ (дата обращения: 26.06.2021).
10. Перечень поручений по итогам заседания Совета по развитию гражданского общества и правам человека. Пр-189, п.3. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/67660 (дата обращения 22.05.2022).
11. Саамский парламент: официальный сайт. URL: https://sametinget.no/ (дата обращения: 25.06.2021).
12. Социальные лифты для каждого. URL: https://xn--80aapampemcchfmo7a3c9ehj.xn--p1ai/projects/obrazovanie/sotsialnye_lifty_dlya_kazhdogo?ysclid=l2sr 6583li (дата обращения 22.05.2022).
13. Центральное бюро статистики Норвегии. URL: https://www.skatteetaten.no/ (дата обращения: 25.06.2021).
14. Центральное бюро статистики Норвегии. URL: https://www.skatteetaten.no/ (дата обращения: 25.06.2021).
15. ИА «Это Финляндия». URL: https://finland.fi/ru/zhizn-i-obshhestvo/saamskie-yazyki-v-finlyandii-zhivut-i-razvivayutsya/ (дата обращения: 29.06.2021).
16. Alaska Conservation Foundation. URL: https://alaskaconservation.org/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
17. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. URL: https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca (accessed: 26.06.2021).
18. Canada.ca. URL: https://www.canada.ca/home (accessed: 26.06.2021).
19. Canadian Museum of History. URL: https://www.historymuseum.ca/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
20. Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency. URL: https://www.cannor.gc.ca (accessed: 26.06.2021).
21. Choctaw Nation Career Development. URL: https://www.choctawnation.com/tribal-services/education/career-development (accessed: 26.06.2021).
22. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affaires Canada. URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/crown-indigenous-relations-northern- affairs.html (accessed: 26.06.2021).
23. Forces.ca. URL: https://forces.ca/en/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
24. Indigenous Services of Canada. URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/indigenous-services-canada.html (accessed: 26.06.2021).
25. Indspire.ca. URL: https://indspire.ca/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
26. Kakivak Association. URL: http://www.kakivak.ca/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
27. Kongeriket Noregs grunnlov av 17.05.1814. Lovdata.no. URL: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1814-05-17-nn (accessed: 20.06.2021).
28. Lov om grunnskolen og den vidaregåande opplæringa (opplæringslova) av 27.11.1998. Lovdata.no. URL: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1998-07-17-61 (accessed: 20.06.2021).
29. Lov om Sametinget og andre samiske rettsforhold (sameloven) av 24.02.1989. Lovdata.no. URL: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1987-06-12-56 (accessed: 20.06.2021).
30. Lov om styrking av menneskerettighetenes stilling i norsk rett (menneskerettsloven) av 21.05.1999. Lovdata.no. URL: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1999-05-21-30 (accessed: 20.06.2021).
31. Norway’s Arctic Strategy — between geopolitics and social development. URL: https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/fad46f0404e14b2a9b551ca7359c1000/arctic-strategy.pdf (accessed: 26.06.2021).
32. Royal Bank of Canada. URL: https://www.rbcroyalbank.com/personal.html (accessed: 26.06.2021).
33. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. URL: https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
34. Statistics Finland. URL: https://www.stat.fi/index_en.html (accessed: 30.06.2021).
35. The Arctic Institute. URL: https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/ (accessed: 20.06.2021).
36. The Arctic Institute. URL: https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/ (дата обращения: 20.06.2021).
37. U.S. Department of the Interior. Indian Affaires. URL : https://www.bia.gov/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
38. U.S. Dept of Defense. URL: https://www.defense.gov/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
39. Udall Foundation. URL: https://udall.gov/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
40. University of Alaska Fairbanks. URL: https://www.uaf.edu/uaf/ (accessed: 26.06.2021).
Review
For citations:
Komleva V. Social Elevators for Indigenous Small People: Experience of Canada, Norway, Finland and USA. Russia: Society, Politics, History. 2022;(2(2)):88-102. (In Russ.)
Views:
305
Email this article 