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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusociety</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия: общество, политика, история</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia: Society, Politics, History</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1142</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-621X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Regional and International Research, Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56654/ROPI-2023-3(8)-45-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusociety-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Образы русского самосознания: история и культура</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Images of Russian Self-Consciousness: History and Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сикевич</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sikevich</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинаида Васильевна Сикевич, доктор социологических наук, профессор, Факультет социологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinaida V. Sikevich, DSc (Soc.), professor, Faculty of Sociology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sikevich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saint-Petersburg State University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(8)</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сикевич З.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сикевич З.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sikevich Z.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ru-society.com/jour/article/view/99">https://www.ru-society.com/jour/article/view/99</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье подробно рассматриваются культурно-исторические предпосылки формирования национального самосознания в контексте его специфики, предопределенной исторической судьбой народа, географическим положением государства и мировосприятием русских людей. Внимание фокусируется на трех основах становления этого феномена: «своей» вере, державности и жесткой этносоциальной дистанции с полюсами «мы» и «они». Отдельно анализируется динамика мифологемы «антизападничества», трансформации религиозного сознания, а также специфическое проявление толерантности, обусловленное не происхождением, а общим пространством расселения. Подчеркивается, что эти структурные элементы национального самосознания в различных формах существовали во все периоды российской государственности: от Древней Руси по настоящее время. Размышления автора иллюстрируются данными междисциплинарных социологических исследований, проведенных в период с 1995 по 2021 годы под руководством автора коллективом лаборатории этнической социологии и психологии факультета социологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. Особенностью их изложения является анализ динамики мировосприятия и поведения людей под системным воздействием социальных и политических преобразований внешней среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines in detail the cultural and historical prerequisites for the formation of national self-consciousness in the context of its specificity. Its specificity is predetermined by the historical destiny of the people, the geographical location of the state and the worldview of Russian people. Attention is focused on three bases of the formation of this phenomenon: “their” faith, power and rigid ethno-social distance with the poles “we” and “they”. The dynamics of the mythologeme of “anti- Westernism”, the transformation of religious consciousness, as well as the specific manifestation of tolerance, conditioned not by origin, but by the common space of settlement, are analyzed separately. It is emphasized that these structural elements of national self-consciousness in various forms existed in all periods of Russian statehood: from ancient Russia to the present. The author’s reflections are illustrated by the data of interdisciplinary sociological research conducted in the period from 1995 to 2021 under the guidance of the author by the team of the Laboratory of Ethnic Sociology and Psychology of the Faculty of Sociology of St. Petersburg State University. The peculiarity of their presentation is the analysis of the dynamics of people’s worldview and behavior under the systemic impact of social and political transformations of the external environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>национальное самосознание</kwd><kwd>религиозное сознание</kwd><kwd>толерантность</kwd><kwd>географический детерминизм</kwd><kwd>мировосприятие</kwd><kwd>мифологема</kwd><kwd>«антизападничество»</kwd><kwd>этносоциальная дистанция</kwd><kwd>ценность</kwd><kwd>установка</kwd><kwd>выборка</kwd><kwd>контент-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>national self-consciousness</kwd><kwd>religious consciousness</kwd><kwd>tolerance</kwd><kwd>geographical determinism</kwd><kwd>worldview</kwd><kwd>mythologeme</kwd><kwd>“anti-Westernism”</kwd><kwd>ethno-social distance</kwd><kwd>value</kwd><kwd>attitude</kwd><kwd>sampling</kwd><kwd>content analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердяев Н.А. 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