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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusociety</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия: общество, политика, история</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia: Society, Politics, History</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-1142</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-621X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Regional and International Research, Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56654/ROPI-2025-1(14)-158-173</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusociety-169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние Второй мировой войны на внешнюю и внутреннюю политику Афганистана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Impact of World War II on the Interior and Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-0886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нессар</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nessar</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нессар Мохаммад Омар, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omar M. Nessar, CandSc (Hist.), Senior Researcher</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nessar@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт востоковедения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(14)</issue><fpage>158</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нессар О.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нессар О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nessar O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ru-society.com/jour/article/view/169">https://www.ru-society.com/jour/article/view/169</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается влияние Великой Отечественной войны на афганскую политику. Объясняются причины, на основании которых афганское правительство объявило нейтралитет. Автор приходит к выводу, что решение было принято под воздействием множества факторов, одним из которых стало нежелание повторить судьбу Ирана, куда были введены советские и британские войска. Анализируются отношения Афганистана с великими державами, включая СССР и Великобританию. Афганское правительство вело борьбу с антисоветскими силами на севере с целью централизации собственной власти, в этом случае советско-афганские интересы объективно совпадали. Делается вывод, что экономический кризис, вызванный последствиями Мировой войны, оказал существенное влияние на рост политической активности населения, вплоть до восстаний крестьян в зоне племен. Нарушение мировых хозяйственных связей серьезным образом повлияло на внешнюю торговлю. В конечном итоге вызванный войной кризис стал причиной отставки премьер-министра Хашим-хана.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the impact of the World War II on domestic and foreign Afghan policy. It explains the reasons why the Afghan government declared neutrality. The author concludes that the decision was made under the influence of many factors, one of which was the reluctance to repeat the fate of Iran, where Soviet and British troops were brought in. Afghanistan’s relations with the great powers, including the USSR and Great Britain, are analyzed. The Afghan government fought against antiSoviet forces in the north in order to centralize its own power, in which case Soviet-Afghan interests objectively coincided. It is concluded that the economic crisis caused by the aftermath of the World War had a significant impact on the growth of political activity among the population, including peasant uprisings in the tribal areas. The disruption of global economic ties seriously affected foreign trade. Ultimately, the crisis caused by the war led to the resignation of Prime Minister Hashim Khan.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Великая Отечественная война</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>Афганистан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Great Patriotic War</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>Afghanistan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахрамович Р.Т. (1961), Афганистан после Второй мировой войны [Afghanistan after World War II]. М.:АН СССР.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhramovich, R.T. (1961), Afghanistan after World War II. Moscow: AN SSSR. 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