This article is devoted to the identification and characterization of the contribution of the Serbian intellectual figure Mikhail Mikhailov to the philosophical thought of Eastern Europe. A key feature of his philosophical views was anthropocentrism, which opposes both competing ideologies of the Cold War period, suggesting a return to the concept of unity peculiar to the Russian philosophical school in the person of V. Solovyov. The article shows that, in the conditions of political confrontation between the communist and capitalist systems, the path of non-alignment to ideological alliances and preservation of their identity in the era of post-nationalism remained for philosophical thinkers. The relevance of the appeal to Mikhailov’s philosophy is also due to the modern antagonism of major foreign policy forces in Eastern Europe (NATO and Russia).